![]() Multiple clones might also be produced by transferring identical nuclei to eggs from a single donor. That will also be true if the egg comes from the nucleus donor's mother, because mitochondria are inherited maternally. If the egg used in this procedure is derived from the same individual that donates the transferred somatic nucleus, the result will be an embryo that receives all its genetic material-nuclear and mitochondrial-from a single individual. The number of times that a given individual can be cloned is limited theoretically only by the number of eggs that can be obtained to accept the somatic cell nuclei and the number of females available to receive developing embryos. Its nuclear DNA has been inherited from only one genetic parent. This animal will be a clone of the individual that was the donor of the nucleus. The successful implantation of the blastocyst in a uterus can result in its further development, culminating sometimes in the birth of an animal. The blastocyst is then transferred to the uterus of an animal. If that happens, a series of sequential cell divisions leads to the formation of a blastocyst, or preimplantation embryo. The egg is then stimulated, and in some cases it starts to divide. This cell could be obtained directly from the individual, from cells grown in culture, or from frozen tissue. The chromosomes are replaced with a nucleus taken from a somatic (body) cell of the individual or embryo to be cloned. This procedure starts with the removal of the chromosomes from an egg to create an enucleated egg. Cloning using somatic cell nuclear transfer ( SCNT).The two methods used for reproductive cloning thus far are as follows: Techniques not yet developed or described here would nonetheless constitute cloning if they resulted in genetically identical individuals of which at least one were an embryo destined for implantation and birth. ![]() However, reproductive human or animal cloning is not defined by the method used to derive the genetically identical embryos suitable for implantation. Both require implantation of an embryo in a uterus and then a normal period of gestation and birth. Two methods are used to make live-born mammalian clones.
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